Ever stepped into an overcrowded subway and felt the world closing in on you? While this reaction to a cluttered or enclosed space is normal to some extent, claustrophobia takes this fear to irrational levels. People with claustrophobia have a deep, entrenched fear of small or confined spaces, and of being trapped in a place with no visible exit, as in a lift, airplane, or even a crowded room. This fear often manifests as a panic attack, accompanied by an increased heartbeat, profuse sweating, dizziness, and, often, some form of emotional expression such as crying.
Those who suffer from any phobia know how debilitating the sheer panic and fear can feel. Claustrophobics may find themselves unable to tolerate elevators or crowded subways, or may even have a panic attack while undergoing scans such as an MRI.1
Causes Of Claustrophobia
The reasons for claustrophobia can be broadly categorized into two –biological causes and conditioning.
The amygdala is the region in the brain that controls how we react to adverse situations. This center decides whether we fight off a crisis or flee from it. People with panic disorders have been found to have significantly smaller amygdala volume, and this triggers extreme anxiety and overreaction in a trying situation.2
A person may also develop claustrophobia because of the way they have been conditioned by some life experience, often in childhood. For instance, a child trapped in a room or a closet and unable to escape – even if it’s just for a few minutes – may develop claustrophobia. Similarly, for a child is separated from a parent in a strange place or during rush hour, the few minutes of blind panic and fear can be a sufficient trigger for claustrophobia. The situation itself might not have been life-threatening, but the person associates it with panic, helplessness, and anxiety, and therefore begin to fear it.3
Overcoming Claustrophobia
Treatment for claustrophobia focuses on tackling the fear itself and the anxiety and stress that accompany it. There are several steps you can take under the guidance of a professional healthcare provider to beat claustrophobia.
Psychotherapy
Counseling or talking to a professional counselor about your fears is often the first approach to treating phobias. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is also used to help patients deal with their fears objectively. In this method, talking about the stressor, preferably in a group setting, is used to help people overcome their fears and anxieties.[/ref]Anxiety Disorders, The National Institute of Mental Health.[/ref]
For people who are strongly against facing the fear-triggering situations in real life, Virtual Reality Therapy is proving to be a godsend. In a controlled environment, say in a doctor’s office, you’ll be exposed to virtual situations that generally scare you. Repeatedly facing these scenarios, albeit in a virtual environment, has shown to help overcome claustrophobia.4
Medication
In the case of phobias, medication is generally prescribed only when the other approaches aren’t proving to be fruitful. Classes of medicines called benzodiazepines and beta-blockers are used to suppress the symptoms of an anxiety attack. These medicines, however, do not treat claustrophobia itself.
Managing Stress
Stress is the other aspect claustrophobics need to address. When we face a stimulus that is disturbing, peptide hormones in the body signal the release of cortisol, the stress hormone. This hormone is responsible for both the short-term effects of stress such as a lack of focus as well as the chronic ones such as a decrease in immunity.5 When the situation gets out of hand, as in the case of a panic attack in phobias, stress can pose a serious risk.
Learning stress management techniques and meditation can calm a person in situations that trigger a panic attack. Stress management is unique to each person – from counting using beaded strings and taking full, deep breaths to using a stress ball, there’s a host of techniques you can try to see what works for you.
Herbs such as Indian valerian,6 chamomile,7 and ashwagandha 8 have shown a calming effect on the mind. An Ayurvedic practitioner will guide you through the right regime.
The Ayurvedic therapy of Shirodhara, the process of gently dripping medicated oils on the forehead, is also known to bring benefits similar to meditation in stress management, helping a person feel calm and more in control.9 Before trying Shirodhara, be sure to discuss your fears with the practitioner so they know what makes you uncomfortable.
References
